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[...]The first step of operationally reliable and efficient wastewater treatment The separation of solids in wastewater with screens and fine screening systems is the first step in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The main task here is to remove all coarse and foreign materials that could inhibit or hinder the function of subsequent wastewater treatment stages. The following factors, among others, must be taken into account when planning an operationally reliable solids separation solution: Maximum required hydraulic throughput Expected screenings quantities Required bar spacing or separation capacity for solids Influence of sewer system (surges, deposits, pumping stations, etc.) Redundancy requirements Installation situation (channel, tank) Feeding (by gravity, pump, hoist, ...) All this information and framework conditions are then taken into account for the choice of the right machine technology and determine the number, size and type of screening systems. Machine Technology A Wide Range of Screens, Fine Screens and Ultra-Fine Screens for any Application HUBER has decades of experience in dimensioning and selecting the optimum machine technology for each individual mechanical cleaning application. As different requirements also demand different screen systems, HUBER has developed a wide range of various screens, fine screens and ultra-fine screens , which are in use in thousands of installations worldwide. The separated and removed screenings with household waste, fecal matter, toilet paper, and mineral solids are then passed on to the screenings treatment system , which is ideally planned together with the screening plant.[...]

[...]Reducing screenings volume and disposal costs The screenings from municipal wastewater treatment mainly consist of household waste-like materials, feces, paper, and mineral particles. The screenings volume depends on the aperture size of the screening system. The solids content of municipal, untreated screenings varies from 5 – 20 %, depending on the type of screen. The organics contained in the screenings amount on average to approx. 90 % of the dry residue [DR]. The objectives of screenings treatment are: Dewatering of the screenings and thus reduction of screenings weight and volume. This also reduces the disposal costs for the screenings. Return of easily degradable carbon to the wastewater treatment process. Improving hygiene conditions for sewage treatment plant personnel. Wash Presses The best screenings treatment is the screenings wash press By adding wash water and mechanical energy, feces, and suspended organic matter are washed out of the screenings in a wash press and returned to the wastewater, thus positively influencing the C / N ratio of the wastewater to be treated. After washing, the screenings are well compacted so that the water content in the washed screenings is significantly reduced. Depending on the selected washing process and press type, a weight and volume reduction of up to 80 % can be achieved. The weight and volume reduction also means a reduction in disposal volume and thus directly influences the costs that have to be paid for the disposal of screenings. HUBER has extensive experience in the design of screenings treatment plants and has different types of wash presses in its product program. HUBER also has the right solution for transporting screenings to the screenings treatment facility and feeding screenings from containers.[...]

[...]Minimize wear and increase operating reliability For the operating safety and reliability of wastewater treatment plants, it is necessary to separate the grit transported with the wastewater and other mineral materials from the putrescible organic matter. For this purpose, grit chambers of various designs are used in practice. Depending on the type of grit trap, grease can also be separated in addition to grit. The removal of grit from the wastewater serves to prevent operational troubles, such as grit sedimentation (in aeration tanks and digesters), increased wear (of pumps, stirrers) and clogging (of removal hoppers or pipelines). In addition, it is also used to reduce material wear of mechanical sludge treatment equipment (e.g. centrifuges, etc.). The aim is to separate as much as possible of the grit and inorganic material up to 0.20 mm grain diameter. Different types of HUBER Grit Chambers Especially grit chambers such as the HUBER Grit Trap GritWolf® are capable of separating fine sand (“sugar sand”) of significantly smaller grain size with a high separation efficiency. Due to the considerable organics content in the classified grit, longitudinal grit traps are nowadays additionally equipped with an aeration system. This partly prevents the organic matter from settling in the grit chamber and, at the same time, floating matter (grease) can be partly blown up by the injected air and retained in a separate grease trap. Special grease removal systems remove the grease automatically and pass it on for further utilization. Different types of HUBER Grit Chambers are available for the separation of grit and grease from wastewater. The grit separated in the grit chamber is usually freed from organic matter in a subsequent grit washing process .[...]

[...]Elimination and reduction of micropollutants with the PAC process Trace substances can be removed from wastewater with the help of powdered activated carbon (PAC), as the micropollutants adsorb to the activated carbon. Powdered activated carbon is ground activated carbon. According to DIN 12903, at least 95 percent of the mass fraction must have a grain size of less than 150 micron. The average particle diameter of typical powdered activated carbons is approximately in the range of 10 micron to 50 micron. For the elimination of micropollutants, the powdered activated carbon is added directly to the wastewater to be treated. The activated carbon can be added at different points in the wastewater treatment process (simultaneous process). In the "Ulm process", a separate adsorption tank is used after the biological stage. There, fresh activated carbon is added to the treated wastewater. PAC Powdered Activated Carbon In principle, it is important that the process ensures sufficient contact time so that the trace substances can adsorb to the powdered activated carbon. The powdered activated carbon must then be separated from the treated wastewater. This is usually done after precipitant addition in a sedimentation tank, where some of the separated carbon is discharged as excess carbon together with the excess sludge and some is returned to the contact tank as return carbon. Due to the recirculation, the activated carbon remains in the wastewater treatment process for several days. It is very important that the treated wastewater is free of activated carbon before it is discharged into the receiving water. The powdered activated carbon (PAC) should be separated as completely as possible from the treated wastewater. For this reason, a downstream filtration stage (polishing filter) is necessary that is able to retain any remaining fine carbon particles. The HUBER Pile Cloth Media Filter RotaFilt ® is an ideal product solution for this purpose. The polishing pile cloth filter reliably retains even the finest carbon slip that could not be separated in the sedimentation tank. As an alternative to the pile cloth media filter, the HUBER Sandfilter CONTIFLOW® can be used as a proven and reliable polishing stage to retain the ultrafine activated carbon particles.[...]

[...]Reliable compliance with effluent values In conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants, the final settling tank is the last stage of the wastewater treatment process. The purpose of the secondary clarifier is to allow the activated sludge flocs and the finest suspended solids to settle and to discharge the clarified wastewater into the receiving water as free of solids as possible. Increasing hydraulic loads and changes in the settling behavior of the activated sludge are the reason why wastewater treatment plants often do not reliably meet today's minimum requirements for solids retention in the effluent. An increased solids content in the effluent inevitably causes an increased COD, BOD, and phosphorus load in the effluent. This in turn results in higher effluent charges and oxygen-consuming pollution of receiving waters. Reliable Solutions for Solids Retention HUBER offers proven and reliable solutions for solids retention in the outlet of wastewater treatment plants. Depending on the requirements and general conditions, one of the following solutions can be applied: Micro Screening: The HUBER Disc Filter RoDisc® consists of several rotatably arranged, disc-shaped microscreen elements. A filter cloth made of stainless steel or polyester from 10 micron is used as screening medium. Sand Filtration: The HUBER Sandfilter CONTIFLOW® is a deep-bed type upflow filter where the filter bed is cleaned without interrupting the filtration process. The filter medium is sand. Cloth filtration / Pile cloth media filter: The HUBER Pile Cloth Media Filter RotaFilt® consists of several rotatably arranged, disc-shaped filter elements. Particulate matter is reliably retained in the three-dimensional pile fabric structure. In addition to the retention of solids, phosphorus elimination and micropollutant removal are playing an increasingly important role in the field of advanced wastewater treatment .[...]

[...]Sustainable Use of our Waters Municipal wastewater contains between 5 and 15 mg/l phosphorus. If phosphorus is not adequately removed during wastewater treatment, it ends up in the “receiving waters”. In lakes and rivers, phosphorus acts as a nutrient that generally promotes and accelerates plant growth, especially algae growth, which has a negative impact on water quality and thus on the biotic communities in the water body. Reducing phosphorus inputs from municipal wastewater treatment plants is therefore a very important contribution to maintaining or achieving a good ecological status in flowing waters. Three different processes are available for the elimination or reduction of phosphorus at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are used either individually or in combination: Biological phosphorus elimination Chemical-physical processes Flocculation filtration Flocculation Flocculation Filtration HUBER offers reliable and proven process technology for flocculation filtration, which ensures that the relevant phosphorus limits can be safely met. Flocculation filtration with sand filter The sand filter used is the HUBER Sandfilter CONTIFLOW® , which is a deep-bed type upflow filter that provides filter bed cleaning without interrupting the filtration process. The precipitant (e.g. FeCl 3 solution) is added into the feed line to the filter. Due to the fast reaction time of the precipitant with the ortho-phosphate, the filter bed of the sand filter can be used directly as reaction volume. The precipitated ortho-phosphate is then separated together with other solids in the sand filter and phosphorus concentrations of < 0.2 mg/l / 1.66 pounds per gallon can be maintained in the outlet of the sand filter. Flocculation filtration with cloth filter The HUBER Pile Cloth Media Filter RotaFilt® , which consists of several rotatably arranged disc-shaped filter elements, is used as cloth filter. The wastewater with the added precipitant is passed through the filter system and the precipitated phosphate compounds, together with other solid particles still present, are reliably separated by the filter discs. Phosphorus concentrations of < 0.2 mg/l / 1.66 pounds per gallon can be maintained in the outlet of the cloth filter. Three Ways to Filter Phosphor Biological phosphorus elimination The Bio-P process, i.e. the increased biological phosphorus elimination, is based on a special process management in biological wastewater treatment. Through the targeted alternation between anaerobic and aerobic conditions, an increased uptake of phosphorus by certain bacteria is achieved. Chemical-physical processes Here, a precipitant (iron or aluminum salts) is added to the wastewater, which precipitates the phosphorus so that it can be separated with the sewage sludge. Flocculation filtration In addition to the aforementioned phosphorus elimination processes, a filter unit is installed in the outlet of the secondary clarifier. With the addition of precipitation and flocculation aids, very extensive phosphorus elimination can be achieved.[...]

[...]Highest purification quality and reuse of wastewater The membrane bioreactor process is a biological wastewater treatment process that works according to the principle of the activated sludge process (aerobic biological treatment of organically polluted wastewater with activated sludge), except that the secondary sedimentation tank, which ensures biomass retention, is replaced by membrane filtration. Membrane Technology Membrane Bioreactor Process The use of membrane technology greatly reduces the space required, as the structures necessary for the treatment process at municipal and industrial plants can be made up to 70 % smaller. In addition, the purification performance of the sewage treatment plant will be increased. By using ultrafine ultrafiltration membranes, even the smallest solid particles are reliably retained. Problems with the secondary clarifier such as scum or sludge drift are no longer a problem with this technology due to the evolution from classical sedimentation to membrane filtration. HUBER offers the membrane activated sludge process as a standardized “plug & play” solution in containerized design as a MENA-Water MBR sewage plant .[...]

[...]Denitrification in the sand filter for nitrogen reduction Nitrogen is a basic building block of life and nature and, like phosphorus, is indispensable as a nutrient for all humans, animals and plants. Municipal wastewater contains various nitrogen compounds (including organically bound ammonium and nitrate). The removal of nitrogen is one of the main tasks of municipal biological wastewater treatment, because without sufficient nitrogen removal, the discharge of wastewater into receiving waters has significant negative effects on water quality and thus on flora and fauna. Denitrification Downstream Nitrogen Removal a Sand Filter Biological nitrogen removal in the course of wastewater treatment consists of the two process steps nitrification and denitrification, which take place in the aeration tank. In the nitrification process, ammonium is oxidized to nitrate; with denitrification, nitrate is reduced to elemental nitrogen, which escapes into the air. If upstream denitrification is not possible for space reasons or if the existing denitrification is not sufficient to meet the required limit values, downstream denitrification in the HUBER Sandfilter CONTIFLOW® can be applied. Denitrification takes place in the anoxic biofilm that builds up on the filter bed material of the HUBER Sandfilter CONTIFLOW ® . Denitrification does not require oxygen but easily degradable carbon. As a carbon source, e.g. methanol can be added via an external dosing station.[...]

[...]Efficient wastewater pre-treatment to achieve indirect discharge quality Compared to municipal wastewater, the generated industrial wastewater is much more polluted, and the composition of the wastewater varies greatly. In particular, pollution by organic or inorganic substances depends on the sector of industry, the product range, the production methods and, last but not least, the individual usage behavior. Many industries discharge their wastewater directly into the sewer and must therefore comply with certain limits for COD and solids, ensure pH neutrality and reduce grease content to a minimum. Industries that operate their own biological wastewater treatment plant must also carry out this pre-treatment in order to ensure the functionality and economic operation of the plant. PROCESS TECHNOLOGY HUBER solutions to reduce COD, fat and solids in industrial waste water Part of this industrial pretreatment is usually: Screens for mechanical preliminary treatment Grit traps (where grit is present) Dissolved air flotation plants with chemical treatment stage Sludge treatment for resulting float sludge Depending on the industry sector, type of wastewater and degree of contamination, the right machines and components have to be selected, as for example high grease contents require screen cleaning with high pressure or hot water. HUBER has decades of experience in dimensioning and selecting the optimum machine technology for each industry wastewater pre-treatment application. As different requirements also demand different types of systems, HUBER has developed a wide range of various screens, fine screens, flotation plants and sludge treatment systems, which are in use in thousands of installations worldwide. Separated and compacted screenings and grit are disposed of, while separated float (= organics) is usually further utilized in anaerobic sludge treatment as co-substrate or in approved biogas plants.[...]

[...]Optimization of existing treatment concepts through adapted machine technology Industries that produce wastewater with above-average pollution levels must either pre-treat it before discharge into the sewer or treat it completely biologically before it can be returned to water bodies. The relevant regulations result from the Water Resources Act, or from local statutes and environmental legislation. Since these industries can usually provide wastewater treatment with comparatively few resources, necessary optimizations are often not undertaken, and this is reflected in particular in increased operating and maintenance costs. Process Technology HUBER solutions for reduction of operating costs Regular evaluation of the plants often reveals a wide range of optimization and cost-saving potentials: Optimization of the mechanical preliminary treatment system Installation or optimization of chemical-physical wastewater treatment Installation or optimization of secondary treatment (filtration, flotation) Use of wastewater heat The more solids and organic matter that can be removed by mechanical and physico-chemical processes, the lower the operating costs of wastewater treatment. In contrast, aerobic treatment is significantly more expensive because of the energy costs. In case of high amounts of dissolved organic matter, anaerobic treatment may also be useful. HUBER has suitable machine technology and long experience in industrial wastewater treatment. Thus, previously undiscovered potential for improvement can be uncovered. Prior laboratory and pilot tests are used to determine the potential very precisely in advance. The entire HUBER product portfolio is used, but especially the HUBER Dissolved Air Flotation Plant HDF , the HUBER Screw Press Q-PRESS® , as well as the HUBER Disc Filter RoDisc® and the HUBER Pile Cloth Media Filter RotaFilt® .[...]